Description
Topic:
End tidal carbon dioxide measurement and clinical capnography.
Context:
Any anaesthetised patient with a capnometer in use.
Discussion Questions:
1. How is end tidal carbon dioxide (ETC02) measured?
2. Draw the ‘normal’ waveform.
3. What is happening during each phase?
4. At which point is ETC02 measured?
5. Why is ETC02 < PAC02< PaC02?
6. Draw and discuss a selection of abnormal waveforms.
