Description

The expression ‘fat embolism’ (FE) is described as the intravasation of fat into the circulation and the specific cluster of respiratory, dermatological and neurological symptoms and signs which occur in some patients after injury is called the Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES). There is strong circumstantial evidence that post-traumatic FE has a central role in the development of respiratory compromise. The incidence of FES after orthopaedic trauma has been reported as 0.5% to 5%. It may also be produced by a variety of non traumatic causes. The biological plausibility of fat as a major cause of post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency has also been supported. There is no single test or sign which can diagnose Fat embolism syndrome. This syndrome should have high index of suspicion in a clinicians mind when treating trauma patients, particularly in the younger age group. Treatment remains largely supportive in a critical care area. Prevention measures have been suggested.